A groundbreaking study by researchers from Yale University has discovered a unique and diverse microbiome living inside trees. This microbiome includes bacteria, fungi, and archaea, which are tiny organisms similar to bacteria. Trees, which are the largest source of biomass on Earth, can host up to a trillion microbes within their wood.

The researchers found that the internal microbiome of trees is distinct and varies between different tree species. They examined over 150 trees from 16 different species, using advanced techniques to analyze the microbial communities. These microbes are specialized to live in specific parts of the tree, such as the heartwood (the central part of the tree) and the sapwood (the outer part of the tree). Each of these parts hosts a unique set of microbes that are not found in other plant tissues or nearby environments.

The heartwood, in particular, was found to be a unique ecological niche, containing archaea and anaerobic bacteria, which do not need oxygen to survive. These microbes are important because they perform essential processes that help maintain the health of the tree and the forest ecosystem. This research highlights the concept of a plant as a "holobiont," which means that a tree and its associated microbes function as a single ecological unit.

This study opens up new avenues for understanding tree health and forest ecology. It suggests that the microbes living inside trees play a significant role in their growth, health, and ability to withstand diseases. The findings could lead to innovative strategies for conserving forests and enhancing the vital functions of trees, which are crucial for global ecosystems and human communities that depend on them.

The research also raises exciting possibilities for discovering new microbes that could have applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. Understanding the wood microbiome better may help scientists develop ways to promote tree health and protect forests from diseases, ensuring their sustainability for future generations.

Overall, this study reveals the hidden world of microbes living inside trees and underscores their importance in maintaining healthy forests and ecosystems.